Transoceanic tsunami waves swept across the Pacific and reached as far away as Hawaii and Japan. Photo by Robert J. Lillie. Includes extensive archival footage of the earthquake and aftermath. Point Reyes National Seashore and Joshua Tree National Park have granitic magma-chamber rocks of the eroded arc, and Pinnacles National Park preserves volcanic rocks. For western California, each slipping card face would be a fault surface. Regional uplift and subsidence occurred mainly in two nearly parallel elongate zones, together about 600 miles long and as much as 250 miles wide, that lie along the continental margin. Plates beneath the oceans are much thinner than those under continents. The earthquake hit at 3:11 pm approximately 100 miles (160 km) off the coast of Chile . USGS.The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake. Where plates crash together, one dives (subducts) beneath the other, causing volcanoes (red triangles) to erupt on the overriding plate and earthquakes (black stars) at a variety of depths. The land that was uplifted and sometimes dropped by the Great Alaskan Quake also fits with the plate-tectonics model. Scientists also confirmed that earthquake-related tsunamis arent always localized and can happen thousands of miles from the epicenter. Maximum indicated uplift in the Alaska and Aleutian Ranges to the north of the zone of subsidence was l feet. The 1964 Alaska earthquake, the strongest earthquake ever recorded in North America, struck Alaskas Prince William Sound, about 74 miles southeast of Anchorage. (For example, the 2011 magnitude-9.0 earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan that unleashed a huge tsunami also was a megathrust earthquake.) Sometimes tectonic activity just shifts large portions of Earths surface, thrusting upward some portions along a fault. Its like opening a sticky window or door. In places, the waves towered as high as a 20-story building. Earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault can greatly upset cities along its length, including the San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco/Oakland areas. All rights reserved. IRIS webpage dedicated to George Plafker, a USGS field geologist noted for his studies of subduction-zone and backarc thrust earthquakes. The earthquake was so powerful it registered in all U.S. states except Connecticut, Rhode Island and Delaware. The damage was caused entirely by the shifting of ground along the fracture, USGS concluded. NOAA Natural Hazards Image Database. The Cascades are the modern volcanic arc developing where the Juan de Fuca Plate subducts beneath the North American Plate. The yellow cab of the truck wrapped around the right side of a tree; its wheels around the left side. Earthquakes - General Interest Publication - USGS Valdez was basically leveled. lithosphereThe upper layer of Earth, which includes its thin brittle crust and upper mantle. According to the United States Geological Survey, The 1964 earthquake was giant because of the large area of the fault that slipped during the earthquake and the large amount of slip, or relative motion, between opposite sides of the earthquake fault.. From the earthquake epicenter in northern Prince William Sound, the deformation extends eastward 190 miles almost to long 142 and southwestward slightly more than 400 miles to about long 155. Look at your fingernails and watch them grow. When the plates finally give and slip due to the increased pressure, energy is released as seismic waves, causing the ground to shake. As the tremors ended, local tsunamis sprung up almost immediately, leaving residents little to no time to flee for higher ground. This 3-panel image shows a simplified representation of a tsunami-generating earthquake cycle on the Alaska-Aleutian Megathrust. aftershock One or more smaller earthquakes that often follow a major earthquake.
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