The dispossession and expulsion of a majority of Palestinians were the result of Zionist policies planned over a thirty-year period. . Rather, European nations sought to find markets where they could purchase cheap raw materials, such as cotton, silk, or tobacco, and export expensive finished materials, such as guns How has the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution - eNotes As with weapons, the Ottomans first looked down on, and then tried to copy, Western training and strategy when it proved more effective in battle. NPR Special Series: The Middle East and the West, A Troubled History. US President Woodrow Wilson played a key role in establishing the mandate system. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, The Long Decline: From the Ottoman Empire to the Mandate System. By the late seventeenth century. How did President Wilson's principle of "self-determination" affect the Middle East? At the height of its power and influence, the Ottoman Empire was perhaps the most advanced civilization on earth. When Great Britain could no longer control Jewish-Arab conflicts, they pulled out of the mandate, and the Jewish State of Israel was partitioned from Palestine in 1948, further intensifying the situation. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. balfour declaration (1917); The ultimate goal was development of each mandate toward eventual independence. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Most of their actual battles were fought in the area of present-day Iraq; Baghdad, the capital city of the region, was especially prized by both empires. According to Bernard Lewis in The Middle East, "The First World War marked the culmination of the retreat of Islam before the advancing West." Western countries and forces associated with the West, such as the rise of Zionism as a political force intent on creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Iraq and Palestine (including modern Jordan and Israel) were assigned to Great Britain, while Turkish-ruled Syria and Lebanon went to France. For the Middle East, the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916 and the Balfour Declaration of 1917 helped structure the division of Ottoman territories between France and Britain. Walters, F. P. A History of the League of Nations. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. But as the war continued on over several years, at the cost of millions of lives, politicians and diplomats began to think about how they might prevent a similar disaster from ever happening again.
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