Bonhoeffer was initially charged with conspiring to rescue Jews, using his foreign travels for non-intelligence matters, and misusing his intelligence position . These three organizations always rivaled each other and their competences often overlapped. The SS also identified and arrested Jews in the German-occupied territories. There were plenty of intelligence agencies in Nazi Germany with overlapping portfolios. Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (German: Secret State Police), the political police of Nazi Germany. The SA was formally declared not to be a criminal organization by the International Tribunal, and had officially ceased to exist in 1945. As early as 1935, a Prussian administrative court had ruled that the Gestapo's actions were not subject to judicial review. When asked for identification, an operative was required only to present his warrant disc and not a picture identification. The SS remained in existence until the end of the war. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [12], Concerned that Diels was not ruthless enough to effectively counteract the power of the Sturmabteilung (SA), Gring handed over control of the Gestapo to Himmler on 20 April 1934. Gestapo (Mller), SD (Heydrich) and Abwehr (Canaris). [33] After Heydrich's 1942 assassination, Himmler assumed the leadership of the RSHA until January 1943, when Ernst Kaltenbrunner was appointed chief. This was partly because of the Venlo incident of 9 November 1939,[76] in which SD and Gestapo agents, posing as anti-Nazis in the Netherlands, kidnapped two British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) officers after having lured them to a meeting to discuss peace terms. No reason was ever given for their arrest or executionjust the fact that they seemed suspicious was enough. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Under his leadership, the SS grew to a sizable organization of over 2,50,000 members. They were subject to co-ordination by inspectors of the security police and SD on the staffs of the local higher SS and police leaders, however, and one of the principal functions of the local SD units was to serve as the intelligence agency for the local Gestapo units. These men were then given training in racial hatred and were taught to become cold-hearted, violent, sadistic, and to not feel anything at human loss. [131] Failing that, torture and planting evidence were common methods of resolving a case, especially if the case concerned someone Jewish. However, with the Abwehr and GFP being flooded with work, the situation changed and the SS shrewdly used the opportunity to gain a foothold in Belgium. Meaning Protective Echelon in German, the SS was made up of fervently anti-Semite Germans who possessed deep racial hatred.
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