The Penal Code was substantially revised in 1907 to reflect the growing influence of German law in Japan, and the French practice of classifying offenses into three types was eliminated. When the police arrest a suspect, they must refer the suspect to the public prosecutors along with a report (the referral to the public prosecutors office) within 48 hours of the arrest if the suspect needs to be detained.If the suspect needs to be detained for a longer period of time, the public prosecutors may file a request for detention with a judge within 24 hours of receiving the suspect from the police. The cases are handled by a collegiate body consisting of three judges. ; providing legal assistance for consumer protection; and protecting the environment from damage such as pollution. If in cases pertaining to theft, the amount is small or already returned, the offense petty, the victim unwilling to press charges, the act accidental, or the likelihood of repetition not great, the police can either drop the case or turn it over to a prosecutor. 5 pillars of criminal justice system (Tagalog) - YouTube After 1868, the justice system underwent rapid transformation. The system became almost completely accusatorial, and the judge, although still able to question witnesses, decided a case on the evidence presented by both sides. When the complaint is filed, the court designates the date of the first oral proceedings summoning both parties, and sends a copy of the petition to the defendant to provide the defendant with an opportunity to contest the plaintiff's claim. The Law Enforcement, (3.) However, by examining the individual cases, the two academics found that all of those cases which negatively affected judges' careers had political implications (such as labor law or electoral law) and that the facts of the case (i.e., the defendants committing the accused deed) itself were never in dispute. Cases were referred to trial only after a judge presided over a preliminary fact-finding investigation in which the suspect was not permitted to have counsel.
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